{"id":1455,"date":"2023-04-24T07:59:58","date_gmt":"2023-04-24T10:59:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/puskurum.com\/?page_id=1455"},"modified":"2023-07-11T03:43:25","modified_gmt":"2023-07-11T06:43:25","slug":"laboratory","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/puskurum.com\/index.php\/research\/laboratory\/","title":{"rendered":"LABORATORY"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1455\" class=\"elementor elementor-1455\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-347b9a9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"347b9a9\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9789b25\" data-id=\"9789b25\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4782243 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4782243\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 09-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">LABORATORY WORK<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cbd47c2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cbd47c2\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b8e638e\" data-id=\"b8e638e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b01968 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1b01968\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 09-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/puskurum.com\/index.php\/research\/laboratory\/#geochemistry\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"906\" src=\"https:\/\/puskurum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/2-1024x906.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2157\" alt=\"GEOCHEMISTRY\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/puskurum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/2-1024x906.png 1024w, https:\/\/puskurum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/2-300x265.png 300w, https:\/\/puskurum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/2-768x679.png 768w, https:\/\/puskurum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/2-1536x1358.png 1536w, https:\/\/puskurum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/2.png 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-926a87b\" data-id=\"926a87b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1dc1557 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1dc1557\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/puskurum.com\/index.php\/research\/laboratory\/#geochronology\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"906\" src=\"https:\/\/puskurum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/1-1024x906.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2156\" alt=\"GEOCHRONOLOGY\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/puskurum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/1-1024x906.png 1024w, https:\/\/puskurum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/1-300x265.png 300w, https:\/\/puskurum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/1-768x679.png 768w, https:\/\/puskurum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/1-1536x1358.png 1536w, https:\/\/puskurum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/1.png 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-538d5f8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"538d5f8\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-51df4f4\" data-id=\"51df4f4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bfefb3d elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"bfefb3d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 09-08-2023 *\/\nbody.elementor-page .elementor-widget-menu-anchor{margin-bottom:0}<\/style>\t\t<div id=\"geochemistry\" class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-66e09f4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"66e09f4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 09-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-column .elementor-spacer-inner{height:var(--spacer-size)}.e-con{--container-widget-width:100%}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer{width:var(--container-widget-width,var(--spacer-size));--align-self:var(--container-widget-align-self,initial);--flex-shrink:0}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container,.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer{height:100%}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer>.elementor-spacer-inner,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer>.elementor-spacer-inner{height:var(--container-widget-height,var(--spacer-size))}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-201ff0d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"201ff0d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">GEOCHEMISTRY\u200b<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e7be8de elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e7be8de\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 09-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default elementor-inline-editing pen\" style=\"font-style: normal; margin-bottom: 0px;\" data-elementor-setting-key=\"title\" data-pen-placeholder=\"Teclea aqu\u00ed...\">\u00a0<\/h3><h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default elementor-inline-editing pen\" style=\"font-style: normal; margin-bottom: 0px;\" data-elementor-setting-key=\"title\" data-pen-placeholder=\"Teclea aqu\u00ed...\">Geochemistry (major and trace elements on glass and crystals)<\/h3><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Samples for <\/span><b>glass geochemical analyses<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> were prepared at the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) \u2013 Rome since January 2022. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pumices and ashes<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> sampled in the field were cleaned, crushed, washed, sieved, dried, and mounted in epoxy resin by MSc. Rengin \u00d6zsoy and supervised by Dr. Ivan Suny\u00e9 Puchol, and Dr. Manuela Nazzari (INGV researcher). Mounts were polished and carbon-coated before <\/span><b>major elements<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> analyses with the JEOL JXA-8200 electron microprobe (EMP) equipped with five wavelength-dispersive spectrometers (<\/span><b>Fig. 1<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">).<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b937b5a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b937b5a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/puskurum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Rengin-al-INGV-1.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Rengin al INGV (1)\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjAzMCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3B1c2t1cnVtLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyM1wvMDZcL1Jlbmdpbi1hbC1JTkdWLTEucG5nIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"416\" src=\"https:\/\/puskurum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Rengin-al-INGV-1-1024x416.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2030\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/puskurum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Rengin-al-INGV-1-1024x416.png 1024w, https:\/\/puskurum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Rengin-al-INGV-1-300x122.png 300w, https:\/\/puskurum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Rengin-al-INGV-1-768x312.png 768w, https:\/\/puskurum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Rengin-al-INGV-1-1536x624.png 1536w, https:\/\/puskurum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Rengin-al-INGV-1-2048x833.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Fig. 1: a) Rengin \u00d6zsoy performing the glass microanalyses by the EMP at INGV and b) reducing the data together with Dr. Ivan Suny\u00e9 Puchol (March 2022); c) and d) two backscattered images of volcanic ashes for morphological description, and e) and f) two bi-plot diagrams showing some major oxides concentration (i.e. SiO2 vs FeO and CaO) from Acig\u00f6l and Hasanda\u011f volcanic glass.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aff9d28 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"aff9d28\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 09-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-divider{--divider-border-style:none;--divider-border-width:1px;--divider-color:#0c0d0e;--divider-icon-size:20px;--divider-element-spacing:10px;--divider-pattern-height:24px;--divider-pattern-size:20px;--divider-pattern-url:none;--divider-pattern-repeat:repeat-x}.elementor-widget-divider .elementor-divider{display:flex}.elementor-widget-divider .elementor-divider__text{font-size:15px;line-height:1;max-width:95%}.elementor-widget-divider .elementor-divider__element{margin:0 var(--divider-element-spacing);flex-shrink:0}.elementor-widget-divider .elementor-icon{font-size:var(--divider-icon-size)}.elementor-widget-divider .elementor-divider-separator{display:flex;margin:0;direction:ltr}.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_icon .elementor-divider-separator,.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text .elementor-divider-separator{align-items:center}.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_icon .elementor-divider-separator:after,.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_icon .elementor-divider-separator:before,.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text .elementor-divider-separator:after,.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text .elementor-divider-separator:before{display:block;content:\"\";border-bottom:0;flex-grow:1;border-top:var(--divider-border-width) var(--divider-border-style) var(--divider-color)}.elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left .elementor-divider .elementor-divider-separator>.elementor-divider__svg:first-of-type{flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:100}.elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left .elementor-divider-separator:before{content:none}.elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left .elementor-divider__element{margin-left:0}.elementor-widget-divider--element-align-right .elementor-divider .elementor-divider-separator>.elementor-divider__svg:last-of-type{flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:100}.elementor-widget-divider--element-align-right .elementor-divider-separator:after{content:none}.elementor-widget-divider--element-align-right .elementor-divider__element{margin-right:0}.elementor-widget-divider:not(.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text):not(.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_icon) .elementor-divider-separator{border-top:var(--divider-border-width) var(--divider-border-style) var(--divider-color)}.elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern{--divider-border-style:none}.elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern.elementor-widget-divider--view-line .elementor-divider-separator,.elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern:not(.elementor-widget-divider--view-line) .elementor-divider-separator:after,.elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern:not(.elementor-widget-divider--view-line) .elementor-divider-separator:before,.elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern:not([class*=elementor-widget-divider--view]) .elementor-divider-separator{width:100%;min-height:var(--divider-pattern-height);-webkit-mask-size:var(--divider-pattern-size) 100%;mask-size:var(--divider-pattern-size) 100%;-webkit-mask-repeat:var(--divider-pattern-repeat);mask-repeat:var(--divider-pattern-repeat);background-color:var(--divider-color);-webkit-mask-image:var(--divider-pattern-url);mask-image:var(--divider-pattern-url)}.elementor-widget-divider--no-spacing{--divider-pattern-size:auto}.elementor-widget-divider--bg-round{--divider-pattern-repeat:round}.rtl .elementor-widget-divider .elementor-divider__text{direction:rtl}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-divider,.e-con>.elementor-widget-divider{width:var(--container-widget-width,100%);--flex-grow:var(--container-widget-flex-grow)}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9be150b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9be150b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The same samples were used to analyse the <\/span><b>glass trace element<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> concentrations at the Eidgen\u00f6ssische Technische Hochschule (ETH) in Z\u00fcrich (Switzerland) by means of a Laser Ablation -Inductively Coupled Plasma &#8211; Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS; <\/span><b>Fig. 2<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">). Both, major and trace element measured on glass shards, will be used first to characterise the pyroclastic deposits and find the volcanic source, but later to complete the tephrostratigraphic framework of the CAVP (new stratigraphy and chemical database) and to do tephrochronologic correlations by fingerprint to distal sedimentary records (i.e. paleoclimatic registers and\/or archaeologic sites).<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e95951e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e95951e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/puskurum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/jo-al-eth-1.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"P\u00dcSK\u00dcR\u00dcM glass samples.\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjE2OCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3B1c2t1cnVtLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyM1wvMDdcL2pvLWFsLWV0aC0xLnBuZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"442\" src=\"https:\/\/puskurum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/jo-al-eth-1-1024x442.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2168\" alt=\"P\u00dcSK\u00dcR\u00dcM glass samples.\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/puskurum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/jo-al-eth-1-1024x442.png 1024w, https:\/\/puskurum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/jo-al-eth-1-300x129.png 300w, https:\/\/puskurum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/jo-al-eth-1-768x331.png 768w, https:\/\/puskurum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/jo-al-eth-1-1536x662.png 1536w, https:\/\/puskurum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/jo-al-eth-1-2048x883.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Fig. 2: a) Prof. Silvio Mollo (Sapienza University) calibrating the instrument together with Dr. Marcel Guillong (ETH researcher) and Dr. Alessio Pontesilli (INGV-Rome researcher); b) Dr. Ivan Suny\u00e9 Puchol showing the Laser (May 2022); c) bi-plot diagram showing the concentration of Sr vs Zr of several PUSKURUM glass samples. <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f3ff38 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"4f3ff38\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-906b410 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"906b410\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b>Petrological and geochemical analyses on minerals<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> from Erciyes stratovolcano (including plagioclase, hornblende, biotite and Fe-Ti oxides) were performed at INGV-Rome by BSc. Simge Kaya and MSc. Rengin \u00d6zsoy and supervised by Dr. Ivan Suny\u00e9 Puchol (<\/span><b>Fig. 3<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) and Dr. Manuela Nazzari. This petrogenetic data is important to study the plumbing system beneath Erciyes volcano and the crystallization conditions of three pyroclastic deposits (Karag\u00fcll\u00fc, Perikartin and Dikkartin), which can be erupted altogether during a common explosive eruption ~9 ka ago (Holocene). The chemistry of mineral phases helps to complement the characterization of pyroclastic deposits and more robustly correlate eruptions. Moreover, core-to-rim compositional zonation in clinopyroxenes, hornblende and plagioclases represent a valuable tool for recording each specific parameter of magma and petrogenetic processes occurred before every single eruption, even within the same magmatic reservoir.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-232d807 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"232d807\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/puskurum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/simge-al-ingv-1.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"simge al ingv (1)\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjE2OSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3B1c2t1cnVtLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyM1wvMDdcL3NpbWdlLWFsLWluZ3YtMS5wbmcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"345\" src=\"https:\/\/puskurum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/simge-al-ingv-1-1024x345.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2169\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/puskurum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/simge-al-ingv-1-1024x345.png 1024w, https:\/\/puskurum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/simge-al-ingv-1-300x101.png 300w, https:\/\/puskurum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/simge-al-ingv-1-768x259.png 768w, https:\/\/puskurum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/simge-al-ingv-1-1536x518.png 1536w, https:\/\/puskurum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/simge-al-ingv-1-2048x691.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Fig. 3: a) Bsc. Simge Kaya analysing the Erciyes minerals by EMP at INGV-Rome (October 2022), to b) later reduce the data with MSc. Rengin \u00d6zsoy and Dr. Ivan Suny\u00e9 Puchol; c) example of a zoned plagioclase phenocryst and compositional maps of d) Na2O and e) CaO.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fcf6090 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fcf6090\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1713fb0\" data-id=\"1713fb0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e10002f elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"e10002f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"geochronology\" class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-58cf3c9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"58cf3c9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b8e304a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b8e304a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">GEOCHRONOLOGY<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e3a780 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"7e3a780\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-820f405 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"820f405\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default elementor-inline-editing pen\" style=\"font-style: normal; margin-bottom: 0px;\" data-elementor-setting-key=\"title\" data-pen-placeholder=\"Teclea aqu\u00ed...\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Geochronology (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">14<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C, <\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">234<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">U\/ <\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">230<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Th and <\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">40<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ar\/<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">39<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ar<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">):<\/span><\/h3><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Identify deposits erupted by the Central Anatolian volcanoes (e.g. Acig\u00f6l, Hasanda\u011f and Erciyes) in distal records may help to constrain the time of eruptions as these often have detailed age-models. For eruptions of unknown age, radiometric-dating methods will be employed by PUSKURUM collaborators in order to obtain an accurate and precise chronology. <\/span><b>Radiocarbon<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> analyses in paleosoils developed on pyroclastic deposits younger than <\/span><b>45 ka<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (the upper limit of the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">14<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C method) will be carried out at CEREGE (Aix-Marseille University, France) by Dr. Thibaut Devi\u00e8se (<\/span><b>Fig. 4a<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">).\u00a0 Late Pleistocene eruptions will be dated using <\/span><b>234<\/b><b>U\/ <\/b><b>230<\/b><b>Th in zircons<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (eruptions between <\/span><b>45 and 300 ka<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, limits of this chronological method) at the ETH-Zurich (Switzerland) by Dr. Lorenzo Tavazzani. Middle Pleistocene eruptions (<\/span><b>older than 300ka<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) will be dated using the <\/span><b>40<\/b><b>Ar\/<\/b><b>39<\/b><b>Ar method<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in K-bearing minerals at the Argon Geochronology Laboratory of the Oregon State University (USA) by Dr. Dan Miggins, and at the SUERC facilities of the Glasgow University (UK) by Dr. Dan Barford (<\/span><b>Fig. 4b<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">).<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3eba300 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3eba300\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/puskurum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/C14.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"C14\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjQxNSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3B1c2t1cnVtLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyM1wvMDdcL0MxNC5wbmcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"329\" src=\"https:\/\/puskurum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/C14-1024x329.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2415\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/puskurum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/C14-1024x329.png 1024w, https:\/\/puskurum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/C14-300x96.png 300w, https:\/\/puskurum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/C14-768x247.png 768w, https:\/\/puskurum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/C14-1536x493.png 1536w, https:\/\/puskurum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/C14-2048x657.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Fig. 4: a) Drs. Thibaut Devi\u00e8se and Ivan Suny\u00e9 Puchol at the Radiocarbon lab (accelerator mass spectrometer - AMS) of the CEREGE (Aix-Marseille University, France); and b) Dr. Dan Barford at the 40Ar\/39Ar lab in SUERC (Glasgow, UK) using the new ARGUS VI instrument.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>LABORATORY WORK GEOCHEMISTRY\u200b \u00a0 Geochemistry (major and trace elements on glass and crystals) Samples for glass geochemical analyses were prepared at the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) \u2013 Rome since January 2022. Pumices and ashes sampled in the field were cleaned, crushed, washed, sieved, dried, and mounted in epoxy resin by MSc. Rengin &hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more\"> <a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/puskurum.com\/index.php\/research\/laboratory\/\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">LABORATORY<\/span> Read More &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1451,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/puskurum.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1455"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/puskurum.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/puskurum.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/puskurum.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/puskurum.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1455"}],"version-history":[{"count":42,"href":"https:\/\/puskurum.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1455\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2463,"href":"https:\/\/puskurum.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1455\/revisions\/2463"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/puskurum.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1451"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/puskurum.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1455"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}